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An outcome measure, endpoint, effect measure or measure of effect is a measure within medical practice or research, (primarily clinical trials) which is used to assess the effect, both positive and negative, of an intervention or treatment. [1] [2] Measures can often be quantified using effect sizes. [3]
This subversion has been the justification for repeated attempts to improve process and thus outcomes by reorganizing the structure of health care, wittily described by Oxman et al. [16] Donabedian himself cautioned that outcomes measurement cannot distinguish efficacy from effectiveness: (outcomes may be poor because the right treatment is ...
Clinical endpoints or clinical outcomes are outcome measures referring to occurrence of disease, symptom, sign or laboratory abnormality constituting a target outcome in clinical research trials. The term may also refer to any disease or sign that strongly motivates withdrawal of an individual or entity from the trial, then often termed a ...
There are efforts to define core sets of patient-relevant outcome variables to be measured in clinical trials in general [28] and for multi-modal pain therapy. [29] Meanwhile, a core outcome measure set based on PROMS was developed with routine data and validated for operationalizing success in multimodal pain therapy. [30]
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [1] (PROMIS) provides clinicians and researchers access to reliable, valid, and flexible measures of health status that assess physical, mental, and social well–being from the patient perspective. PROMIS measures are standardized, allowing for assessment of many patient-reported ...
In some studies, attainment of HEDIS measures is associated with cost-effective practices or with better health outcomes. In a 2002 study, HEDIS measures "generally reflect[ed] cost-effective practices". [11] A 2003 study of Medicare managed care plans determined that plan-level health outcomes were associated with HEDIS measures. [12]
The Cochrane Skin - Core Outcome Set Initiative (CS-COUSIN) group was created with the aim of developing core outcome sets in dermatology and providing methodological support to core outcome set developers. [3] CS-COUSIN is affiliated with the development of 18 dermatologic core outcome sets, including those for vitiligo, eczema, and acne.
Improper reporting of health related outcomes: Many hospitals/healthcare providers do not properly report outcomes creating bias in studies. Lack of interpretability of measures/incorporation into clinical practice: Clinicians must be educated about the usefulness of outcome measures, and outcome measures must be easy to include into daily ...