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  2. Book of Shadows - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Shadows

    In 1953, Doreen Valiente joined Gardner's Bricket Wood coven, and soon rose to become its High Priestess.She noticed how much of the material in his Book of Shadows was taken not from ancient sources as Gardner had initially claimed, but from the works of the occultist Aleister Crowley, from Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches, from the Key of Solomon and also from the rituals of Freemasonry. [8]

  3. Erebus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebus

    In Greek mythology, Erebus (/ ˈ ɛr ə b ə s /; [1] Ancient Greek: Ἔρεβος, romanized: Érebos, lit. 'darkness, gloom'), [ 2 ] or Erebos , is the personification of darkness. In Hesiod 's Theogony , he is the offspring of Chaos , and the father of Aether and Hemera (Day) by Nyx (Night); in other Greek cosmogonies, he is the father of ...

  4. Doreen Valiente - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doreen_Valiente

    She took the Book of Shadows, and with Gardner's permission, rewrote much of it, cutting out a lot of sections that had come from Crowley, fearing that his infamous reputation would sully Wicca. [37] In 1953 she wrote "Queen of the Moon, Queen of the Stars", an invocation for use in a Yule ritual which was inspired by a Hebridean song found in ...

  5. Grimoire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimoire

    This design for an amulet comes from the Black Pullet grimoire.. A grimoire (/ ɡ r ɪ m ˈ w ɑːr /) (also known as a book of spells, magic book, or a spellbook) [citation needed] is a textbook of magic, typically including instructions on how to create magical objects like talismans and amulets, how to perform magical spells, charms, and divination, and how to summon or invoke supernatural ...

  6. Wiccan Laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiccan_Laws

    The Wiccan Laws, also called the Craft Laws, the Old Laws, the Ardanes (or Ordains) or simply The Laws are, according to claims made by Gerald Gardner in the 1950s, ancient laws governing the practice of Covens, passed from initiate to initiate as part of the Book of Shadows.

  7. Gerald Gardner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Gardner

    She soon rose to become the High Priestess of the coven and helped Gardner to revise his Book of Shadows, and attempting to cut out most of Crowley's influence. [ 119 ] In 1954, Gardner published a non-fiction book, Witchcraft Today , containing a preface by Margaret Murray , who had published her discredited theory of 'witchcraft' being a ...

  8. Raymond Buckland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Buckland

    Raymond Buckland (31 August 1934 – 27 September 2017), whose craft name was Robat, was an English writer on the subject of Wicca and the occult, and a significant figure in the history of Wicca, of which he was a high priest in both the Gardnerian and Seax-Wica traditions.

  9. Shade (mythology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade_(mythology)

    The Shade of Tiresias Appearing to Odysseus during the Sacrifice (c. 1780–85), painting by Johann Heinrich Füssli, showing a scene from Book Ten of the Odyssey. In poetry and literature, a shade (translating Greek σκιά, [1] Latin umbra [2]) is the spirit or ghost of a dead person, residing in the underworld.