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Forgetting or disremembering is the apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual's short or long-term memory.It is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage.
Motivated forgetting is a theorized psychological behavior in which people may forget unwanted memories, either consciously or unconsciously. [1] It is an example of a defence mechanism, since these are unconscious or conscious coping techniques used to reduce anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful impulses thus it can be a defence mechanism in some ways. [2]
There are many explanations for why we forget learned information. A well-known explanation to explain why this happens is the ineffective encoding of material. This is when material appears to have been forgotten over time, however it is very likely that this material was never encoded into memory stores properly in the first place. [4]
Memory lapses like these are common for people of all ages. “Mild forgetfulness — you forget somebody’s name or where you left something — that’s totally normal,” says Karlene Ball, Ph.D.
Overview of the forms and functions of memory. Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. [1]
Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which may or may not be understood as a mental disorder. Memory errors can commonly be found in types of abnormal psychology such as Alzheimer's disease , depression , and schizophrenia .
The forgetting curve, with original data from Ebbinghaus. From 1880 to 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus ran a limited, incomplete study on himself and published his hypothesis in 1885 as Über das Gedächtnis (later translated into English as Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology). [3]
The theory is simple and intuitive, but also problematic. Decay theory has long been rejected as a mechanism of long term forgetting. [5] Now, its place in short term forgetting is being questioned. The simplicity of the theory works against it in that supporting evidence always leaves room for alternative explanations.