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Neonatal sepsis is a type of neonatal infection and specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever. Older textbooks may refer to neonatal sepsis as "sepsis neonatorum".
Neonatal sepsis of the newborn is an infection that has spread through the entire body. The inflammatory response to this systematic infection can be as serious as the infection itself. [ 26 ] In infants that weigh under 1500 g, sepsis is the most common cause of death.
The neonatal management algorithm's scope was expanded to apply to all newborns. Management recommendations depend upon clinical appearance of the neonate and other risk factors such as maternal chorioamnionitis, adequacy of IAP if indicated for the mother, gestational age, and duration of membrane rupture.
It's also a well-known pathogen in neonatal sepsis, where genetic fingerprinting has shown its ability for clonal nosocomial dissemination; [3] S. capitis may cause late-onset sepsis in pre-term neonates, possibly by first colonising the immature - and consequently more permeable - neonatal gut before entering the bloodstream from the gut. [9]
Neonatal meningitis is a serious medical condition in infants that is rapidly fatal if untreated.Meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the central nervous system, is more common in the neonatal period (infants less than 44 days old) than any other time in life, and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally.
Early onset neonatal sepsis [21] Septic shock; Neonatal pneumonia; Infant respiratory distress; In the long-term, infants may be more likely to experience cerebral palsy or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Disability development is related to the activation of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) when the fetus is exposed to infected ...
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Neonatal fat has a unique biochemical characteristic that increases its propensity to solidify in a cold environment. [4] It has been proposed that subcutaneous adipose hardening in sclerema neonatorum is initiated by lowered body temperatures experienced during clinical shock. [ 6 ]