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  2. Scientific control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_control

    A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables). [1] This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the ...

  3. List of research methods in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_methods...

    A research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [ 1 ] Paired t-test , Wilcoxon signed-rank test

  4. List of scientific misconduct incidents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific...

    In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention[al] negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist", and in Sweden as "intention[al] distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or ...

  5. Control variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_variable

    A control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation. Control variables could strongly influence experimental results were they not held constant during the experiment in order to test the relative relationship ...

  6. Optimal experimental design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_experimental_design

    Much of this research has been associated with the subdiscipline of system identification. [30] In computational optimal control , D. Judin & A. Nemirovskii and Boris Polyak has described methods that are more efficient than the ( Armijo-style ) step-size rules introduced by G. E. P. Box in response-surface methodology .

  7. Treatment and control groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_control_groups

    A clinical control group can be a placebo arm or it can involve an old method used to address a clinical outcome when testing a new idea. For example in a study released by the British Medical Journal, in 1995 studying the effects of strict blood pressure control versus more relaxed blood pressure control in diabetic patients, the clinical control group was the diabetic patients that did not ...

  8. Animal testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing

    Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...

  9. Scientific misconduct - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_misconduct

    It is the violation of scientific integrity: violation of the scientific method and of research ethics in science, including in the design, conduct, and reporting of research. A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample definitions, [ 1 ] reproduced in The COPE report 1999: [ 2 ]