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Glyphosate (Roundup) is the principal pre-harvest systemic herbicide used for desiccation of a wide variety of crops. As a systemic herbicide it is not a true desiccant as it can take weeks rather than days for the crop to die back and dry out after application.
Glyphosate is also used for crop desiccation to increase harvest yield and uniformity. [57] Glyphosate itself is not a chemical desiccant; rather crop desiccants are so named because application just before harvest kills the crop plants so that the food crop dries from normal environmental conditions ("dry-down") more quickly and evenly.
It retained exclusive rights to glyphosate in the US until its US patent expired in September 2000; in other countries the patent expired earlier. The Roundup trademark is registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office and still extant. However, glyphosate is no longer under patent, so similar products use it as an active ingredient. [9]
The glyphosate-based herbicide RoundUp (styled: Roundup) was developed in the 1970s by Monsanto. Glyphosate was first registered for use in the U.S. in 1974. [4] Glyphosate-based herbicides were initially used in a similar way to paraquat and diquat, as non-selective herbicides. Attempts were made to apply them to row crops, but problems with ...
A 2008–2009 survey of 144 populations of waterhemp in 41 Missouri counties revealed glyphosate resistance in 69%. Weeds from some 500 sites throughout Iowa in 2011 and 2012 revealed glyphosate resistance in approximately 64% of waterhemp samples. As of 2023, 58 weed species have developed glyphosate resistance. [70]
One example is the "double knock" system used in Australia. [35] Before planting a crop, weeds are sprayed with glyphosate first, then followed seven to ten days later by a paraquat herbicide. Although twice as expensive as using a single glyphosate spray, the "Double Knock" system is widely relied upon by farmers as a resistance management ...
As of 2005, 87% of U.S. soybean fields were planted with glyphosate resistant varieties. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] While the use of Roundup Ready crops has increased the usage of herbicides measured in pounds applied per acre, [ 9 ] it has also changed the herbicide use profile away from atrazine , metribuzin , and alachlor [ citation needed ] which are more ...
AMPA is one of the primary degradation products of the herbicide glyphosate. [ 4 ] [ 1 ] In addition, it is a degradation product of other aminophosphonates , which have applications as antiscalant and water treatment .