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The et-ligature, however, continued to be used and gradually became more stylized and less revealing of its origin (figures 4–6). [ 11 ] The modern italic type ampersand is a kind of " et " ligature that goes back to the cursive scripts developed during the Renaissance .
et alibi (et al.) and elsewhere: A less common variant on et cetera ("and the rest") used at the end of a list of locations to denote unenumerated/omitted ones. et alii, et aliae, et alia (et al.) and others: Used similarly to et cetera ("and the rest") to denote names that, usually for the sake of space, are unenumerated/omitted.
et al. et alii ('and others') It should normally only be used in references (see the |display-authors= feature of the citation templates), and where it is part of a name, such as of a legal case, e.g. United States v. Thompson et al. It need not be linked. fl. floruit ('flourished') Use template {} on first use. Do not use flor. or flr. lit.
An et ligature in a humanist script. The most common ligature in modern usage is the ampersand & . This was originally a ligature of E and t , forming the Latin word "et", meaning "and". It has exactly the same use in French and in English. The ampersand comes in many different forms.
Correct: A Cockney accent drops the "r" after a vowel. Correct: The Proletarian Sports Society "Dynamo" was established in Moscow in 1923. Correct: President Suharto's "New Order" administration received US support for its economic policies. Correct: Japan's "Lost Decades" began in 1991.
Punctuation in the English language helps the reader to understand a sentence through visual means other than just the letters of the alphabet. [1] English punctuation has two complementary aspects: phonological punctuation, linked to how the sentence can be read aloud, particularly to pausing; [2] and grammatical punctuation, linked to the structure of the sentence. [3]