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The Karuk people (Karok: káruk va'áraaras) [3] are an indigenous people of California, and the Karuk Tribe is one of the largest tribes in California. [2] Karuks are also enrolled in two other federally recognized tribes, the Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria [4] and the Quartz Valley Indian Community.
Karuk has been proposed as belonging to the Hokan language family. [5] The tribe has an active language revitalization program. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] With fewer than twelve active full-time speakers alive as of 2015, Karuk (also known as Karok, Quoratem, Charoc, and Quoratean) is considered to be a severely endangered language according to the Endangered ...
North of their tribal territory lived the Molala (Kuikni maklaks), in the northeast and east in the desert-like plains were various Northern Paiute bands (Shá'ttumi, collective term for Northern Paiute, Bannock and Northern Shoshone) - among them the Goyatöka Band ("Crayfish Eaters"), direct south their Modoc kin (Mo'dokni maklaks - "Southern ...
The Karuk, Klamath, and Modoc tribes have all used shortnose suckers and related fish as food sources of great cultural significance. The efforts to remove the dams on the Klamath river were led largely by members of these tribes, attempting to restore these fish to ecological stability while strengthening their own communities as well.
Undergrowth in forests was removed with controlled fires to promote advantageous plant species that were often food sources. [28] Fishing runs began in the spring and continued throughout the summer and autumn. The White Deerskin dance by the Karuk determined the appropriate time for the Shasta to eat fish.
The Karuk tribe recognized self-governance in 1994 and gained federal recognition in 1979. As the California legislature rejected treaties to create federal designated land, the Karuk peoples do not have a reservation. The Klamath Forest Reserve was created by the U.S. government in 1905 and claimed Karuk land as public land.
Karuk Chairman Russell "Buster" Attebery recalled that as a child, the family ate fish at least four times a week. "I attribute my mom making it to 97 next month to a healthy diet," he said.
other Klamath, Karuk, and Shasta peoples The Quartz Valley Indian Community of the Quartz Valley Reservation of California is a federally recognized tribe of Klamath , Karuk , and Shasta Indians in Siskiyou County, California .