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Herbal medicine in India is largely guided by folk medicine, both in codified cultural practices shared widely (Ayurveda, [5] Siddha, Unani), and highly localized practices unique to individual tribes or tribal groups . Between 3,000 [6] and 5,000 [7] species of medicinal plants grow in India with roughly 1,000 threatened with extinction. [7]
The use of opium is found in the ancient ayurvedic texts, and is first mentioned in the Sarngadhara Samhita (1300–1400 CE), a book on pharmacy used in Rajasthan in Western India, as an ingredient of an aphrodisiac to delay male ejaculation. [71] It is possible that opium was brought to India along with or before Muslim conquests.
In early ayurvedic medicine, rasāyana (Pali and Sanskrit: रसायन, "path of essence") is one of the eight areas of medicine in Sanskrit literature. [1] [2]The 11th-century Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī noted an Indian science named Rasāyana, focused on restoring health and rejuvenation through plant-derived medicines.
In Ancient Egyptian medicine, the Ebers papyrus from c. 1552 BC records a list of folk remedies and magical medical practices. [3] The Old Testament also mentions herb use and cultivation in regards to Kashrut. Many herbs and minerals used in Ayurveda were described by ancient Indian herbalists such as Charaka and Sushruta during the 1st ...
Yoga (; [56], lit. "yoke" or "union") is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that originated in ancient India, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain various salvation goals, [57] [58] [59] as practiced in the Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions.
Herbs were also commonly used in the traditional medicine of ancient India, where the principal treatment for diseases was diet. [14] De Materia Medica, originally written in Greek by Pedanius Dioscorides (c. 40 – c. 90 CE) of Anazarbus, Cilicia, a physician and botanist, is one example of herbal writing used over centuries until the 1600s. [15]
The practice of Ayurveda in India, such as the running of this Ayurvedic pharmacy in Rishikesh, is regulated by a government department, AYUSH. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been coordinating a network called the International Regulatory Cooperation for Herbal Medicines to try to improve the quality of medical products made from ...
Traditional Tibetan medicine refers to a centuries-old traditional medical system that employs a complex approach to diagnosis, incorporating techniques such as Venesection, Moxibustion, Compression Therapy, Medicinal Bathing, massage and pharmacology that relies on a complex formulary of multi-ingredient drugs that use herbs, minerals, metals, and animal products.