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Cervical facet joint block – minor injections at the joints of the affected regions of the cervical spine; Media branch block and radio-frequency ablation – diagnosis and alleviation of pain from specific medial branches of the spinal nerve upon administering anaesthetics in the cervical region of interest to locate the area for treatment ...
Facet joint pain: Bogduk was among the first to recognize the role of facet joints as a source of spinal pain and contributed to the literature in anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and therapeutics. He developed diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for facet joint pain, namely medial branch blocks and radiofrequency neurotomy.
The McKenzie method is a technique primarily used in physical therapy.It was developed in the late 1950s by New Zealand physiotherapist Robin McKenzie. [1] [2] [3] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called "Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)" – a system encompassing assessment, diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities.
For example, the facet joint between T1 and T2 is innervated by C8 and T1 medial branch nerves. Facet joint between L1 and L2; the T12 and L1 medial branch nerves. However, the L5 and S1 facet joint is innervated by the L4 medial branch nerve and the L5 dorsal ramus. In this case, there is no L5 medial branch to innervate the facet joint.
It supplies a twig to this muscle, receives a communicating filament from the posterior division of the first cervical, and then divides into a large medial and a small lateral branch. The medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch), called from its size and distribution the greater occipital nerve, ascends obliquely between the Obliquus ...
Neuroablation can be performed with chemical neurolysis or radiofrequency ablation. These techniques are often used on the medial branch nerves to treat low back pain and have been applied to the superior cluneal nerves. The use of phenol has been noted to relieve pain for up to 9 months but may not completely resolve symptoms. [5]
For neck pain, manipulation and mobilization produce similar changes, and manual therapy and exercise are more effective than other strategies. [12] A 2015 Cochrane systematic review found that there is no high-quality evidence assessing the effectiveness of spinal manipulation for treating neck pain. [13]
The primary symptom is pain and it may be localized to the distribution of one or more of the intercostal nerves, manifesting as chest and abdominal pain. [18] No treatment modality prior to neurectomy (e.g. systemic medications, cryoablation, therapeutic nerve blocks, and radioablation) has given effective pain relief and none have been curative.