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A sense amplifier is a circuit that is used to amplify and detect small signals in electronic systems. It is commonly used in memory circuits, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) , to read and amplify the weak signals stored in memory cells.
In electronics, sense is a technique used in power supplies to produce the correct voltage for a load. Although simple batteries naturally maintain a steady voltage (except in cases of large internal impedance ), a power supply must use a feedback system to make adjustments based on the difference between its intended output and its actual output.
Current sense amplifiers (also called current shunt amplifiers) are special-purpose amplifiers that output a voltage proportional to the current flowing in a power rail. They utilize a "current-sense resistor" to convert the load current in the power rail to a small voltage, which is then amplified by the current-sense amplifiers.
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are commonly employed to carry out the amplification of the signal in the signal conditioning stage. In some transducers , signal conditioning is integrated with the sensor, for example in Hall effect sensors .
The sense amplifiers are now connected to the bit-lines pairs. Positive feedback then occurs from the cross-connected inverters, thereby amplifying the small voltage difference between the odd and even row bit-lines of a particular column until one bit line is fully at the lowest voltage and the other is at the maximum high voltage.
This relationship can be used to sense currents. Sensors based on this simple relationship are well known for their lower costs, and reliability due to this simple principle. Shunt resistor. The common and simple approach to current sensing is the use of a shunt resistor.
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Block diagram of a Schmitt trigger circuit. It is a system with positive feedback in which the output signal fed back into the input causes the amplifier A to switch rapidly from one saturated state to the other when the input crosses a threshold. A > 1 is the amplifier gain B < 1 is the feedback transfer function