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Iron rice bowl" (simplified Chinese: 铁饭碗; traditional Chinese: 鐵飯碗; pinyin: tiě fàn wǎn) is a Chinese term for an occupation with guaranteed job security, [1] similar to life tenure. Traditionally, people considered to have such positions include military personnel, members of the civil service , as well as employees of various ...
This event enabled the enactment of the Four Modernizations. By 1977 all entities in every sector and at every level of society were focused on implementing the Four Modernizations. One core tenet was the rejection of the previously long-held concept known as the "iron rice bowl". [citation needed]
Major problems included: failure to reform pricing systems, interference of local cadres in manager's operation of enterprises, and perpetuation of the life tenure, iron rice bowl system for workers. Rapid industrial growth made energy shortages one of the most critical problems facing the economy, limiting industrial enterprises and mines to ...
The role of the danwei was modelled in part on the Soviet kombinat. [2]: 32 Some scholars believe that the social, economic, and political functions of the danwei could be traced back to the pre-communist financial institutions in the 1930s, the labor movement between the 1920s and 1940s, and the rural revolutionary models of organization in the Yan'an period. [3]
Although they were highly disorganised and their goals varied, the students called for things like rollback of the removal of "iron rice bowl" jobs, greater accountability, constitutional due process, democracy, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech. [6] [7] Workers' protests were generally focused on inflation and the erosion of welfare. [8]
TCU-SMU football history. The Horned Frogs lead the all-time series between the in-state foes 53-42-7. The first-ever matchup occurred on Oct. 8, 1915, and ended in a 43-0 win for TCU in Forth ...
The Tide, led by quarterback Bryce Young, drove 97 yards for a game-tying touchdown to force the first overtime game in Iron Bowl history. (Although the rivalry game had been played 86 times, dating back to 1893, overtime in college football was instituted beginning with bowl games after the 1995 season.) [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ]
The 2007 Chinese slave scandal (simplified Chinese: 山西黑砖窑案; traditional Chinese: 山西黑磚窯案; pinyin: Shānxī Hēi Zhuān Yáo àn; lit. 'Shanxi Black Brick Kiln incident') was a series of forced labour cases in Shanxi, China.