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Azithromycin causes QT prolongation that may cause life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. [11] No harm has been found with its use during pregnancy. [10] Its safety during breastfeeding is not confirmed, but it is likely safe. [12] Azithromycin is an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic. [10]
Indications and Usage - uses (indications) for which the drug has been FDA-approved (e.g. migraines, seizures, high blood pressure). Physicians legally can and often do prescribe medicines for purposes not listed in this section (so-called " off-label uses ").
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Gonorrhea can be prevented with the use of condoms, having sex with only one person who is uninfected, and by not having sex. [1] [3] Treatment is usually with ceftriaxone by injection and azithromycin by mouth. [4] [5] Resistance has developed to many previously used antibiotics and higher doses of ceftriaxone are occasionally required. [4] [5]
Safety concerns exist for fluoroquinolone use during pregnancy, so they are contraindicated unless no other safe alternative antibiotic exists. [54] However, one meta-analysis looking at the outcome of pregnancies involving quinolone use in the first trimester found no increased risk of malformations. [ 55 ]
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, since fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A study published by the Royal Society claims that fever suppression causes at least 1% more influenza deaths in the United States, or 700 extra deaths per year.
Nebulized forms of aztreonam are used to treat infections that are complications of cystic fibrosis and are approved for such use in the EU and the US; they are also used off-label for non-CF bronchiectasis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mycobacterial disease, and to treat infections in people who have received lung transplants.
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