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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting , abdominal pain , deep gasping breathing , increased urination , weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness . [ 1 ]
Diabetic nephropathy, damage to the kidney due to increased glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration can lead to end-stage chronic kidney disease that may require renal dialysis. [27] In most parts of the world, diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Alanine is a direct precursor in gluconeogenesis and can be used for treatment of ketotic hypoglycemia. If an episode begins, affected children should be given fluids and carbohydrate-rich foods immediately, if swallowing is not compromised. [2] A carbohydrate gel can be applied to the inside of the mouth in children who are unable to swallow.
Blood tests for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis measure glycemia (sugar level), pH (blood acidity), and ketone bodies. As urgent medical treatment is often required when DKA is suspected, the tentative diagnosis can be made based on clinical history and by calculating the anion gap from the basic metabolic panel , which would demonstrate ...
In T1D, there also have been studies that show that, in children and adolescent, there is an association between exercise and lower HB A1c. [27] Furthermore, studies have shown that the longer the length of the exercise program, there is a further reduction in the HB A1c and patients have less insulin requirements. [ 27 ]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), most typically seen in those with type 1 diabetes, is triggered by the build-up of chemicals called ketones. These are strongly acidic and a build-up can cause the blood to become acidic. [5] When these levels get too high it essentially poisons the body and causes DKA. [6]
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