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A Meckel's diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct. It is the most common malformation of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in approximately 2% of the population, [ 1 ] with males more frequently experiencing symptoms.
A Littre hernia is a very rare type of hernia which occurs when a Meckel's diverticulum protrudes through a defect in the abdominal wall. [1] It is named after French physician Alexis de Littre. [2] This hernia may occur in a number of anatomical locations, typically in the inguinal region (50%), umbilicus (20%) or femoral canal (20%).
On this site of attachment, sometimes a pathological Meckel's diverticulum may be present. A mnemonic used to recall details of a Meckel's diverticulum is as follows: "2 inches long, within 2 feet of ileocecal valve , 2 times as common in males than females, 2% of population, 2% symptomatic, 2 types of ectopic tissue: gastric and pancreatic".
A jejunal diverticulum is a congenital lesion and may be a source of bacterial overgrowth. It may also perforate or result in abscesses. A Killian-Jamieson diverticulum is very similar to a pharyngeal esophageal diverticulum, differing in the fact that the pouching is between the oblique and transverse fibers of the cricopharyngeus muscle. [7]
The elder Meckel was also a professor of anatomy, and he too has anatomical structures named after him. His father, Philipp Friedrich Theodor Meckel (1755–1803), was also an anatomist. His brother, August Albrecht Meckel (1789–1829), practiced legal medicine and investigated avian anatomy but died prematurely from tuberculosis .
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly of rotation of the midgut.It occurs during the first trimester as the fetal gut undergoes a complex series of growth and development.
The two can be differentiated as follows: a hamartoma is disorganized overgrowth of tissues in their normal location (e.g., Peutz–Jeghers polyps), while a choristoma is normal tissue growth in an abnormal location (e.g., osseous choristoma, [6] gastric tissue located in distal ileum in Meckel diverticulum).
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