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In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits. It was designed by the United States National Security Agency, and is a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard. [3]
The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including: SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA". It was ...
Collisions against the full SHA-1 algorithm can be produced using the shattered attack and the hash function should be considered broken. SHA-1 produces a hash digest of 160 bits (20 bytes). Documents may refer to SHA-1 as just "SHA", even though this may conflict with the other Secure Hash Algorithms such as SHA-0, SHA-2, and SHA-3.
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary.
hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling ...
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
Office 2010 employed AES and a 128-bit key, but the number of SHA-1 conversions doubled to 100,000. [4] Office 2013 uses 128-bit AES, again with hash algorithm SHA-1 by default. [6] It introduces SHA-512 hashes in the encryption algorithm, making brute-force and rainbow table attacks slower. [citation needed]
In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. [1]: 145 This construction was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2.