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A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.
Gardner's relation, or Gardner's equation, named after Gerald H. F. Gardner and L. W. Gardner, is an empirically derived equation that relates seismic P-wave velocity to the bulk density of the lithology in which the wave travels. The equation reads: = where is bulk density given in g/cm 3, is P-wave velocity given in ft/s, and and are ...
The favored methods for detecting seismic anisotropy are shear wave splitting, seismic tomography of surface waves and body waves, and converted-wave scattering in the context of a receiver function. In shear-wave splitting, the S wave splits into two orthogonal polarizations, corresponding to the fastest and slowest wavespeeds in that medium ...
Different P-wave and S-wave phases are picked up by a receiver for the analysis of velocity structure. Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) Ambient Noise Tomography is a seismic imaging technique that uses the Earth's background noise, stemming from sources like ocean waves, storms, and traffic, to map its seismic velocity structure. [ 88 ]
The Zoeppritz equations consist of four equations with four unknowns [] = [ ] [ ]R P, R S, T P, and T S, are the reflected P, reflected S, transmitted P, and transmitted S-wave amplitude coefficients, respectively, =angle of incidence, =angle of the transmitted P-wave, =angle of reflected S-wave and =angle of the ...
In linear elasticity, the P-wave modulus, also known as the longitudinal modulus, or the constrained modulus, is one of the elastic moduli available to describe isotropic homogeneous materials. It is defined as the ratio of axial stress to axial strain in a uniaxial strain state.
Upon reaching the outer core the wave reflects as a P wave. sPKIKP is a wave path that begins traveling towards the surface as an S wave. At the surface, it reflects as a P wave. The P wave then travels through the outer core, the inner core, the outer core, and the mantle.
The P wave is a summation wave generated by the depolarization front as it transits the atria. Normally the right atrium depolarizes slightly earlier than left atrium since the depolarization wave originates in the sinoatrial node , in the high right atrium and then travels to and through the left atrium.