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Transference (German: Übertragung) is a phenomenon within psychotherapy in which repetitions of old feelings, attitudes, desires, or fantasies that someone displaces are subconsciously projected onto a here-and-now person. [1] [2] [3] Traditionally, it had solely concerned feelings from a primary relationship during childhood. [4] [3]
Projective identification is a term introduced by Melanie Klein and then widely adopted in psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Projective identification may be used as a type of defense, a means of communicating, a primitive form of relationship, or a route to psychological change; [1] used for ridding the self of unwanted parts or for controlling the other's body and mind.
Psychological projection is a defence mechanism of alterity concerning "inside" content mistaken to be coming from the "outside" Other. [1] It forms the basis of empathy by the projection of personal experiences to understand someone else's subjective world. [ 1 ]
In the psychotherapeutic relationship, self and object representations are activated in the transference. In the course of the therapy, projection and identification are operating, i.e., devalued self-representations are projected onto the therapist whilst the client identifies with a critical object representation.
Malan's triangles – comprising the triangle of conflict and the triangle of persons – were developed in 1979 by the psychotherapist David Malan as a way of illuminating the phenomenon of transference in psychotherapy, both brief and extended. Their application has continued to prove fruitful into the twenty-first century. [1]
However, with this understanding comes a caution: therapists must remain vigilant about the dangers of unresolved countertransference, which can disrupt the therapeutic relationship. In modern psychotherapy, transference and countertransference are often seen as inextricably linked, creating a 'total situation' that defines the therapeutic ...
Psychotherapy addresses such emotional baggage of the client under the rubric of transference, [10] exploring how early development can create an internalized 'working mode' through which all subsequent relationships are viewed; [11] while the concept of countertransference on the therapist's part acknowledges that they too can bring their own ...
Drawing on the Freudian concept of transference, as refined by Jacob Arlow to cover a specific pattern of relating to people established in early life, as well as upon Michael Balint's focal therapy, [1] with its concern to delimit therapy to the exploration of a key theme, [2] CCRT set out to focus therapy on three aspects of a client's central relationship conflict – their core desire, the ...