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Identical drugs can produce different results depending on the route of administration. For example, some drugs are not significantly absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract and their action after enteral administration is therefore different from that after parenteral administration.
Substance examples of long term effects as follows: Alcohol exposure has shown it could lead to poor growth. Tobacco exposure can make it more likely to get obese. Alcohol, nicotine, and opiate exposure have shown to lead to attention deficits. Nicotine and alcohol exposure affect learning and memory.
Administration can take place via enteral administration (absorption of the drug through the gastrointestinal tract) [2] or parenteral administration (generally injection, infusion, or implantation). [3] [4] Contrast with topical administration where the effect is generally local. [4]
This is termed parenteral nutrition and may provide all or only part of a person's nutritional requirements. Parenteral nutrition may be pre-mixed or customized for a person's specific needs. [6] Intravenous injections may also be used for recreational drugs when a rapid onset of effects is desired. [7] [8]
The injured person can start antiretroviral drugs for PEP as soon as possible, preferably within three days of exposure. [28] There is no vaccine for HIV. [ 29 ] When the source of blood is known to be HIV positive, a 3-drug regimen is recommended by the CDC; those exposed to blood with a low viral load or otherwise low risk can use a 2-drug ...
It is important to note that the dosage of antibiotics used in children is typically weight-dependent. Generally, oral or parenteral cephalosporins are recommended as the first-line agent for children older than two months. [45] [46] Second-line therapy should be considered for patients who have poor response to first-line treatment ...
“Children will get into anything, and children will especially get into anything that tastes or looks like candy,” said Dr. Theresa Michele, who leads the FDA’s office of nonprescription drugs.
Extravasation of medication during intravenous therapy is an adverse event related to therapy that, depending on the medication, amount of exposure, and location, can potentially cause serious injury and permanent harm, such as tissue necrosis.