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The cyanide ion is a reductant and is oxidized by strong oxidizing agents such as molecular chlorine (Cl 2), hypochlorite (ClO −), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). These oxidizers are used to destroy cyanides in effluents from gold mining .
Hydrogen cyanide (formerly known as prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a highly toxic and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature , at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F).
There are two possible structures for hydrogen cyanide, HCN and CNH, differing only as to the position of the hydrogen atom. The structure with hydrogen attached to nitrogen, CNH, leads to formal charges of -1 on carbon and +1 on nitrogen, which would be partially compensated for by the electronegativity of nitrogen and Pauling calculated the net charges on H, N and C as -0.79, +0.75 and +0.04 ...
Pseudohalogens occur in pseudohalogen molecules, inorganic molecules of the general forms Ps–Ps or Ps–X (where Ps is a pseudohalogen group), such as cyanogen; pseudohalide anions, such as cyanide ion; inorganic acids, such as hydrogen cyanide; as ligands in coordination complexes, such as ferricyanide; and as functional groups in organic ...
Two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). In chemistry , polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment , with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Potassium cyanide is highly toxic, and a dose of 200 to 300 milligrams will kill nearly any human. The moist solid emits small amounts of hydrogen cyanide due to hydrolysis (reaction with water). Hydrogen cyanide is often described as having an odor resembling that of bitter almonds. [5] [6]
Calcium cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca(CN) 2. It is the calcium salt derived from hydrocyanic acid. It is a white solid, although the pure material is rarely encountered. It slowly hydrolyses in solution or moist air to release hydrogen cyanide and is very toxic. [3]