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The terms "partial monosomy" and "partial trisomy" are used to describe an imbalance of genetic material caused by loss or gain of part of a chromosome. In particular, these terms would be used in the situation of an unbalanced translocation , where an individual carries a derivative chromosome formed through the breakage and fusion of two ...
Trisomy 21 – Down syndrome, an example of a polysomy at chromosome 21 Polysomy is a condition found in many species, including fungi, plants, insects, and mammals, in which an organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e., there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies. [1]
[5] [6] Aneuploidy can be full, involving a whole chromosome missing or added, or partial, where only part of a chromosome is missing or added. [5] Aneuploidy can occur with sex chromosomes or autosomes. [citation needed] Rather than having monosomy, or only one copy, the majority of aneuploid people have trisomy, or three copies of one chromosome.
This is due to the fact that a large rate of chromosomal instability is detrimental to the survival mechanisms of the cell, [24] and the cancer cell cannot replicate and dies (apoptosis). [25] Therefore, the relationship between chromosomal instability and cancer can also be used to assist with diagnosis of malignant vs. benign tumors. [24]
Turner syndrome is the only full monosomy that is seen in humans — all other cases of full monosomy are lethal and the individual will not survive development. Cri du chat syndrome – (French for "cry of the cat" after the persons' malformed larynx) a partial monosomy caused by a deletion of the end of the short arm of chromosome 5
Molecular classification of breast cancer from mRNA expression profiles. DNA microarrays have compared normal cells to breast cancer cells and found differences in the expression of hundreds of genes. Although the significance of many of those genetic differences is unknown, independent analyses by different research groups has found that ...
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