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This system is the most common of the several electromagnetic unit systems based on the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). It is also called the Gaussian unit system, Gaussian-cgs units, or often just cgs units. [a] The term "cgs units" is ambiguous and therefore to be avoided if possible: there are several variants of CGS, which ...
The statcoulomb (statC), franklin (Fr), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the unit of measurement for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS-ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. In terms of the Gaussian base units, it is
The unit is part of the Gaussian system of units, which inherited it from the older centimetre–gram–second electromagnetic units (CGS-EMU) system. It was named after the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1936. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimetre.
The CGS system goes back to a proposal in 1832 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to base a system of absolute units on the three fundamental units of length, mass and time. [4] Gauss chose the units of millimetre, milligram and second. [5]
The statvolt is a unit of voltage and electrical potential used in the CGS-ESU and gaussian systems of units. In terms of its relation to the SI units, one statvolt corresponds to c cgs 10 −8 volt, [a] i.e. to 299.792458 volts. [2] [b] The statvolt is also defined in the CGS system as 1 erg per statcoulomb. [2]
In three dimensions, the derivative has a special structure allowing the introduction of a cross product: = + = + from which it is easily seen that Gauss's law is the scalar part, the Ampère–Maxwell law is the vector part, Faraday's law is the pseudovector part, and Gauss's law for magnetism is the pseudoscalar part of the equation.
The esu-cgs (or "electrostatic cgs") units are one of several systems of electromagnetic units within the centimetre–gram–second system of units; others include CGS-EMU (or "electromagnetic cgs units"), Gaussian units, and Heaviside–Lorentz units. In the cgs-emu system, the unit of electric current is the abampere. The unit of current in ...
In the CGS system, the unit of the H-field is the oersted and the unit of the B-field is the gauss.In the SI system, the unit ampere per meter (A/m), which is equivalent to newton per weber, is used for the H-field and the unit of tesla is used for the B-field.