Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage.
Deformation monitoring is a major component of logging measured values that may be used for further computation, deformation analysis, predictive maintenance, and alarming. [ 1 ] Deformation monitoring is primarily associated with the field of applied surveying but may also be relevant to civil engineering, mechanical engineering, construction ...
Based on the use of the stake they are called alignment stakes, offset stakes, grade stakes, and slope stakes. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Survey stakes are markers surveyors use in surveying projects to prepare job sites, mark out property boundaries , and provide information about claims on natural resources like timber and minerals.
Site analysis is an element in site planning and design. Kevin A. Lynch, an urban planner developed an eight cycle step process of site design, in which the second step is site analysis, the focus of this section. When analyzing a potential site for development, the status quo of the site should be analyzed and mapped.
l = slope length α = angle of inclination. The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line is either the elevation angle of that surface to the horizontal or its tangent. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A ...
The reasons for creating fills include the reduction of grade along a route or the elevation of the route above water, swampy ground, or areas where snow drifts frequently collect. Fills can also be used to cover tree stumps, rocks, or unstable soil, in which case material with a higher bearing capacity is placed on top of the obstacle in order ...
The resultant interslice force is either parallel to the ground surface or equal to the average slope from the beginning to the end of the slip surface.. Lowe and Karafiath [26] The direction of the resultant interslice force is equal to the average of the ground surface and the slope of the base of each slice. Sarma [20]
Slope stability refers to the condition of inclined soil or rock slopes to withstand or undergo movement; the opposite condition is called slope instability or slope failure. The stability condition of slopes is a subject of study and research in soil mechanics , geotechnical engineering , and engineering geology .