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Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 3 spans more than 198 million base pairs (the building material of DNA ) and represents about 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .
The final step in viral replication is release, which is when the newly assembled and mature viruses leave the host cell. How a virus releases from the host cell is dependent on the type of virus it is. One common type of release is budding. This occurs when viruses that form their envelope from the host's plasma membrane bend the membrane ...
To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell membrane, then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell, where replication of the viral genome may commence.
Env is a viral gene that encodes the protein forming the viral envelope. [1] The expression of the env gene enables retroviruses to target and attach to specific cell types, and to infiltrate the target cell membrane. [2] Analysis of the structure and sequence of several different env genes suggests that Env proteins are type 1 fusion machines. [3]
The virus's nucleic acid uses the host cell's metabolic machinery to make large amounts of viral components. [2] In DNA viruses, the DNA transcribes itself into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that are then used to direct the cell's ribosomes. One of the first polypeptides to be translated destroys the host's DNA.
After host infection, the linear P22 virion DNA is circularized by a homologous recombination event between the direct repeats at both ends of the chromosome. [3] This can be done by host rec gene products, but also by P22 recombination function genes in the absence of host enzymes. [ 3 ]
3) HIV enters the cell. C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines. [5] In humans, the CCR5 gene that encodes the CCR5 protein is located on the short (p) arm at position 21 on chromosome 3.
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator or BTLA (also known as cluster of differentiation 272 or CD272) is a protein that belongs to the CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) which is encoded by the BTLA gene located on the 3rd human chromosome. [5] [6] BTLA was first discovered in 2003 as an inhibitor of Th1 expansion and it became the 3rd member of ...