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This creates torque that pulls the rotor into alignment with the nearest pole of the stator field. At synchronous speed the rotor is thus "locked" to the rotating stator field. This cannot start the motor, so the rotor poles usually have squirrel-cage windings embedded in them, to provide torque below synchronous speed. The machine thus starts ...
In the steady state, the electrical torque is equal to the mechanical torque and hence the accelerating power is zero. [1] During this period the rotor moves at synchronous speed ω s in rad/s. The electric torque T e corresponds to the net air-gap power in the machine and thus accounts for the total output power of the generator plus I 2 R ...
The circle diagram can be drawn for alternators, synchronous motors, transformers, induction motors. The Heyland diagram is an approximate representation of a circle diagram applied to induction motors, which assumes that stator input voltage, rotor resistance and rotor reactance are constant and stator resistance and core loss are zero.
The difference, or "slip," between actual and synchronous speed varies from about 0.5% to 5.0% for standard Design B torque curve induction motors. [30] The induction motor's essential character is that torque is created solely by induction instead of the rotor being separately excited as in synchronous or DC machines or being self-magnetized ...
is the torque produced divided by armature current. [10] It can be calculated from the motor velocity constant . = = = where is the armature current of the machine (SI unit: ampere).
The rotor operates at synchronous speeds without current-conducting parts. Rotor losses are minimal compared to those of an induction motor, however it normally has less torque. [2] [3] Once started at synchronous speed, the motor can operate with sinusoidal voltage. Speed control requires a variable-frequency drive.