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Micrographs of osmotic pressure on red blood cells A human white blood cell (upper right) in water swells until it bursts (at ~14 seconds) Cytolysis , or osmotic lysis , occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell.
Myeloid cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, are especially implicated in the respiratory burst. [1] They are phagocytic, and the respiratory burst is vital for the subsequent degradation of internalised bacteria or other pathogens. This is an important aspect of the innate immunity.
Plasmolysis is the contraction of cells within plants due to the loss of water through osmosis. In a hypertonic environment, the cell membrane peels off the cell wall and the vacuole collapses. These cells will eventually wilt and die unless the flow of water caused by osmosis can stop the contraction of the cell membrane. [5]
Scientists have known that bacteria somehow make their way into the air, affecting cloud formation and climate, as well the transmission of some diseases.
The bacteria uses the cytoplasmic membrane, RNA/DNA, and ribosomes as cold sensors in the cell, placing them in charge of monitoring the cell's temperature. [6] Once these sensors send the signal that a cold shock is occurring, the bacteria will pause the majority of protein synthesis in order to redirect its focus to producing what are called ...
Since the bacteriophage's genetic information is incorporated into the bacteria's genetic information as a prophage, the bacteriophage replicates passively as the bacterium divides to form daughter bacteria cells. [8] In this scenario, the daughter bacteria cells contain prophage and are known as lysogens.
In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA exists as a separate free floating molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome. This is the key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles.
During winter dormancy, plant metabolism comes to a virtual standstill, due in part to low temperatures that slow chemical activity. [1]Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.