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  2. Coproduct - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coproduct

    For example, the coproduct in the category of groups, called the free product, is quite complicated. On the other hand, in the category of abelian groups (and equally for vector spaces ), the coproduct, called the direct sum , consists of the elements of the direct product which have only finitely many nonzero terms.

  3. By-product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-product

    The plastic used in plastic shopping bags also started as a by-product of oil refining. [1] By-products are sometimes called co-products to indicate that although they are secondary, they are desired products. For example, hides and leather may be called co-products of beef production. There is no strict distinction between by-products and co ...

  4. Product (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(chemistry)

    Much of chemistry research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of beneficial products, as well as the detection and removal of undesirable products. Synthetic chemists can be subdivided into research chemists who design new chemicals and pioneer new methods for synthesizing chemicals, as well as process chemists who scale up chemical production and make it safer, more ...

  5. List of esters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_esters

    An ester of carboxylic acid.R stands for any group (organic or inorganic) and R′ stands for organyl group.. In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (−R).

  6. List of reagents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reagents

    is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate; used in organic chemistry as a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation, such as double bonds; N-Bromosuccinimide: used in radical substitution and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. Also acts as a mild oxidizer to oxidize benzylic or allylic alcohols.

  7. Chemical synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synthesis

    Chemical synthesis using green chemistry promotes the design of new synthetic methods and apparatus that simplify operations and seeks environmentally benign solvents. Key principles include atom economy, which aims to incorporate all reactant atoms into the final product, and the reduction of waste and inefficiencies in chemical processes ...

  8. 56 Examples Of Great Products That Failed When They ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/56-products-failed-despite...

    Image credits: mleclerc182 #9. Lime green skittles. sour apple is for a*****s. #10. There was a pancake batter in a whipped cream can I used to buy. It was great, you didn’t need to make a ton ...

  9. Additive category - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_category

    In a preadditive category, every finitary product is necessarily a coproduct, and hence a biproduct, and conversely every finitary coproduct is necessarily a product (this is a consequence of the definition, not a part of it). The empty product, is a final object and the empty product in the case of an empty diagram, an initial object. Both ...