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Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
Citric acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye.
Lemon juice and rind are used in a wide variety of foods and drinks, the juice for its sour taste, from its content of 5–6% citric acid. [28] The whole lemon is used to make marmalade, [29] lemon curd [30] and lemon liqueurs such as Limoncello. [31] Lemon slices and lemon rind are used as a garnish for food and drinks.
The term acidity function is also used for measurements made on basic systems, and the term basicity function is uncommon. Hammett-type acidity functions are defined in terms of a buffered medium containing a weak base B and its conjugate acid BH + :
Acidosis, defined by blood pH below 7.35, is the most common disorder of acid–base homeostasis and occurs when there is an excess of acid in the body. In contrast, alkalosis is characterized by excessively high blood pH. Blood pH is usually slightly basic, with a pH of 7.365, referred to as physiological pH in biology and medicine.
Since the proteins have acidic and basic regions, they can serve as both proton donors or acceptors in order to maintain a relatively stable intracellular pH. In the case of a phosphate buffer, substantial quantities of weak acid and conjugate weak base (H 2 PO 4 – and HPO 4 2– ) can accept or donate protons accordingly in order to conserve ...
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
In older literature, it was also called: Salt of sorrel, [1] sorrel salt, sel d'oseille, [2] [3] sal acetosella; or, inaccurately, salt of lemon (due to the similar acidic “lemony” taste of the edible common sorrel or garden sorrel) [4] Potassium hydrogenoxalate occurs in some plants, notably sorrel. It is a commercial product used in ...