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[5]: 74 Others, such as The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CGEL), make the opposite terminological choice. [1]: 354 And still others (e.g., The Grammar Book [6]) use determiner for both the category and the function. This article uses determiner for the category and determinative for the function in the noun phrase.
Numeric literals in Python are of the normal sort, e.g. 0, -1, 3.4, 3.5e-8. Python has arbitrary-length integers and automatically increases their storage size as necessary. Prior to Python 3, there were two kinds of integral numbers: traditional fixed size integers and "long" integers of arbitrary size.
Since 7 October 2024, Python 3.13 is the latest stable release, and it and, for few more months, 3.12 are the only releases with active support including for bug fixes (as opposed to just for security) and Python 3.9, [55] is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.8 reaching end-of-life.
A determiner combines with a noun to express its reference. [1] [2] Examples in English include articles (the and a), demonstratives (this, that), possessive determiners (my, their), and quantifiers (many, both). Not all languages have determiners, and not all systems of grammatical description recognize them as a distinct category.
[6] [7] [8] A further modification is the lexicalized PCFG, which assigns a head to each constituent and encodes rule for each lexeme in that head slot. Thus, where a PCFG may have a rule "NP → DT NN" (a noun phrase is a determiner and a noun) while a lexicalized PCFG will specifically have rules like "NP(dog) → DT NN(dog)" or "NP(person)" etc.
Thus, there are competing analyses concerning heads and dependents in nominal groups. [2] The DP analysis developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, [3] and it is the majority view in generative grammar today. [4] In the example determiner phrases below, the determiners are in boldface: a little dog, the little dogs (indefinite or definite ...
[5] [6] Some authors who classify both sets of words as "possessive pronouns" or "genitive pronouns" apply the terms dependent/independent [7] or weak/strong [8] to refer, respectively, to my, your, etc., and mine, yours, etc. For example, under that scheme, my is termed a dependent possessive pronoun and mine an independent possessive pronoun.
Typically there is a distinction between proximal or first person (objects near to the speaker), medial or second person (objects near to the addressee), and distal or third person [2] (objects far from both). So for example, in Portuguese: Esta maçã "this apple" Essa maçã "that apple (near you)" Aquela maçã