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The percentage is a mass concentration, so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 g/L of glucose/dextrose (5 g per 100 ml). This usage is imprecise but widely used, as discussed at Mass concentration (chemistry) § Usage in biology. Glucose provides energy 4 kcal/gram, so a 5% glucose solution provides 0.2 kcal/ml.
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
Tyrode's solution is a solution that is roughly isotonic with interstitial fluid and used in physiological experiments and tissue culture. It resembles lactated Ringer's solution, but contains magnesium, a sugar (usually glucose) as an energy source and uses bicarbonate and phosphate as a buffer instead of lactate.
Depiction of a red blood cell in an isotonic solution. A solution is isotonic when its effective osmole concentration is the same as that of another solution. In biology, the solutions on either side of a cell membrane are isotonic if the concentration of solutes outside the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Earle's balanced salt solution is an isotonic saline solution (or balanced salt solution) formulated by W.R. Earle in 1943. [1] It contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and dextrose (glucose). It is intended to be used in 5% CO 2 atmosphere. It is a ...
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood . [3] Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of ...