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A urogenital sinus anomaly is also a rare birth defect in women where the urethra and vagina both open into a common channel. [3] [4] A persistent cloaca is a disorder where the rectum, vagina, and urinary tract meet and fuse, creating a cloaca, a single common channel. [5]
The part of the urogenital sinus related to the bladder and urethra absorbs the ends of the Wolffian ducts and the associated ends of the renal diverticula. This gives rise to the trigone of the bladder and part of the prostatic urethra. The remainder of this part of the urogenital sinus forms the body of the bladder and part of the prostatic ...
The urogenital sinus divides into three parts, with the middle part forming the urethra; the upper part is largest and becomes the urinary bladder, and the lower part then changes depending on the biological sex of the embryo. [18]
In the embryo, the embryonic cloaca divides into a posterior region that becomes part of the anus, and an anterior region that develops depending on sex: in males, it forms the penile urethra, while in females, it develops into the vestibule or urogenital sinus that receives the urethra and vagina.
After the separation of the rectum from the dorsal part of the cloaca, the ventral part becomes the primary urogenital sinus. [2] The urogenital sinus, in turn, divides into the superficial definitive urogenital sinus and the deeper anterior vesico-urethral portion.
In females (specifically primates and rodents), separate orifices have evolved for all three, while males discharge urine and semen from the urethra through a common urinary meatus. [1] In marsupials [3] [4] and most placentals, the female urethra and vagina open into a urogenital sinus with a common urogenital opening (vulvar opening in ...
When the fetus is exposed to testosterone, the genital tubercle elongates (primordial phallus) and develops into the glans and shaft of the penis and the urogenital folds fuse to become the penile raphe. [19] [20] [21] The urethra within the penis (except within the glans) is developed from the urogenital sinus. [22]
The female reproductive system is composed of two embryological segments: the urogenital sinus and the paramesonephric ducts. The two are conjoined at the sinus tubercle. [2] [3] Paramesonephric ducts are present on the embryo of both sexes. [3] [4] Only in females do they develop into reproductive organs.