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The Java programming language and the Java virtual machine (JVM) are designed to support concurrent programming. All execution takes place in the context of threads. Objects and resources can be accessed by many separate threads. Each thread has its own path of execution, but can potentially access any object in the program.
These application programming interfaces support parallelism in host languages. Apache Beam; Apache Flink; Apache Hadoop; Apache Spark; CUDA; OpenCL; OpenHMPP; OpenMP for C, C++, and Fortran (shared memory and attached GPUs) Message Passing Interface for C, C++, and Fortran (distributed computing) SYCL
Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) is a technique for improving the overall efficiency of superscalar CPUs with hardware multithreading. SMT permits multiple independent threads of execution to better use the resources provided by modern processor architectures .
Such programs therefore do not benefit from hardware multithreading and can indeed see degraded performance due to contention for shared resources. From the software standpoint, hardware support for multithreading is more visible to software, requiring more changes to both application programs and operating systems than multiprocessing.
The number of threads may be dynamically adjusted during the lifetime of an application based on the number of waiting tasks. For example, a web server can add threads if numerous web page requests come in and can remove threads when those requests taper down. [disputed – discuss] The cost of having a larger thread pool is increased resource ...
Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading (SHMT) is a software framework that takes advantage of heterogeneous computing systems that contain a mixture of central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), and special purpose machine learning hardware, for example Tensor Processing Units (TPUs). [1] [2]
Thread-level parallelism (TLP) is the parallelism inherent in an application that runs multiple threads at once. This type of parallelism is found largely in applications written for commercial servers such as databases. By running many threads at once, these applications are able to tolerate the high amounts of I/O and memory system latency ...
But if the function is used in a reentrant interrupt handler and a second interrupt arises while the mutex is locked, the second routine will hang forever. As interrupt servicing can disable other interrupts, the whole system could suffer. The same function can be implemented to be both thread-safe and reentrant using the lock-free atomics in ...