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Examples of human phenotypic variability: people with different levels of skin colors, a normal distribution of IQ scores, the tallest recorded man in history - Robert Wadlow - with his father. Human variability, or human variation, is the range of possible values for any characteristic, physical or mental, of human beings.
The interest was further pursued by half-cousin Francis Galton in his attempt to quantify individual differences among people. [4] For example, in evaluating the effectiveness of a new therapy, the mean performance of the therapy in one treatment group might be compared to the mean effectiveness of a placebo (or a well-known therapy) in a ...
Interindividual differences in perception describes the effect that differences in brain structure or factors such as culture, upbringing and environment have on the perception of humans. Interindividual (differing from person to person) variability is usually regarded as a source of noise for research.
Selective breeding and the domestication of animals is perhaps the earliest evidence that humans considered the idea that individual differences in behaviour could be due to natural causes. [1] Plato and Aristotle each speculated on the basis and mechanisms of inheritance of behavioural characteristics. [ 2 ]
For example, levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness demonstrate a negative trend during childhood and early adolescence before trending upwards during late adolescence and into adulthood. [119] In addition to these group effects, there are individual differences: different people demonstrate unique patterns of change at all stages of life.
Friedman and Schustack describe an example of such developmental changes, stating that if an infant engaging in an active orientation towards others brings about the fulfillment of primary drives, such as being fed or having their diaper changed, they will develop a secondary drive to pursue similar interactions with others – perhaps leading ...
For example, a recent line of research has demonstrated that individual differences in functional connectomes, which are characterized by patterns of spontaneous synchronization of neural activations across the entire brain, are predictive of individual differences in personality and sociocognitive functioning, such as openness to experience ...
[1] [2] Types are sometimes said to involve qualitative differences between people, whereas traits might be construed as quantitative differences. [3] According to type theories, for example, introverts and extraverts are two fundamentally different categories of people.