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The Portuguese-Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Portuguese: Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990) is an international treaty whose purpose is to create a unified orthography for the Portuguese language, to be used by all the countries that have Portuguese as their official language.
The 1943 Portuguese Orthographic Form, approved on 12 August 1943, is a set of instructions established by the Brazilian Academy of Letters for the subsequent creation of the Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa (Orthographic Vocabulary of the Portuguese Language) in the same year.
The Portuguese language began to be used regularly in documents and poetry around the 12th century. In 1290, King Dinis created the first Portuguese university in Lisbon (later moved to Coimbra) and decreed that Portuguese, then called simply the "common language", would henceforth be used instead of Latin, and named the "Portuguese language".
Prior to the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990, Portuguese had two orthographic standards: The Brazilian orthography, official in Brazil. The European orthography, official in Portugal, Macau, [a] East Timor and the five African Lusophone countries (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Cape Verde).
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In Portuguese, a diaeresis (Portuguese: trema) was used in (mainly Brazilian) Portuguese until the 1990 Orthographic Agreement. It was used in combinations güe/qüe and güi/qüi, in words like sangüíneo [sɐ̃ˈɡwinju] "sanguineous". After the implementation of the Orthographic Agreement, it was abolished altogether from all Portuguese words.
The agreement is used by the government and the teaching realms, as well as many of the press and publishing houses of both countries, and by state-related institutions. Because Portuguese in Portugal differs from Brazilian Portuguese, the reform has led to new differences in spellings which were formerly the same.