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The Sack of Kilwa (Portuguese: Saque de Quiloa) was a military campaign carried out by the Portuguese on 24 July 1505, led by Dom Francisco de Almeida, against the city-state of the Kilwa Sultanate. The operation resulted in a decisive Portuguese victory and the sacking of Kilwa, a prominent trading hub along the Swahili Coast .
The Swahili city-states were independent, self-governing urban centres that were located on the Swahili coast of East Africa between the 8th and 16th centuries. These were primarily coastal hubs, including Kilwa, Mombasa and Zanzibar, which prospered due to their advantageous locations along Indian Ocean trade networks, enabling interactions between Africa, the Middle East and Asia.
Kilwa was an important and wealthy city for the trade of gold. Because of trade, some of the people who lived in Kilwa had a higher standard of living, but many others were poor. The wealthy enjoyed indoor plumbing in their stone homes and the poor lived in mud huts with thatched roofs. [33]
To the north, Kilwa's power was checked by the independent Somali city-state of Mogadishu (the once-dominant city, Kilwa's main rival) and the Adal Sultanate (the muslim Sultanate located in the Horn of Africa.). To the south, Kilwa's reach extended as far as Cape Correntes, below which merchant ships did not usually dare sail. [7]
Many other people were imported as slaves into the region, besides Zanj. [28] A Zanj slave gang in Zanzibar (1889) Historian M. A. Shaban has argued that the rebellion was not a slave revolt, but a revolt of blacks (zanj). In his opinion, although a few runaway slaves did join the revolt, the majority of the participants were Arabs and free Zanj.
In 1937, the report to the Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery, both France and Spain assured that they actively fought the slave raids from the Trans-Saharan slave traders, and in 1938, the French claimed that they had secured control over the border areas alongside Morocco and Algeria and effectively prevented the trans-Saharan slave ...
About the year 1000, Arab and Indian trade settlement were started in northern Madagascar to exploit the Indian Ocean trade. [103] By the 14th century, Islam was introduced on the island by traders. Madagascar functioned in the East African medieval period as a contact port for the other Swahili seaport city-states such as Sofala , Kilwa ...
Al-Hasan ibn Sulaiman was known to carry multiple titles corroborated by multiple sources during his reign. The most well known title "Abu al-Mawahib" meaning "father of gifts" was bestowed upon him for his generosity, and is known from the Kilwa chronicle and attested by ibn Battuta and gold coins attributed to him.