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Aminoglycoside antibiotics display bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobes and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen but generally not against Gram-positive and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. [3] Streptomycin is the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic.
A classic example of this effect is the interaction between β-lactams, which damage the bacteria cell membrane, and aminoglycosides, which inhibit protein synthesis. [1] The damage dealt to the cell wall by β-lactams allows more aminoglycoside molecules to be taken up into the cell than would otherwise be possible, enhancing cell damage. [1]
Kanamycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications. [3] It has the weakest antibacterial capabilities of all compounds in this family when used clinically, which is partially due to its increased toxicity in comparison to other aminoglycosides. [5] It works by blocking the production of proteins that are required for bacterial survival. [3]
Gentamicin is a type of aminoglycoside [5] and works by disrupting the ability of the bacteria to make proteins, which typically kills the bacteria. [ 5 ] Gentamicin is naturally produced by the bacterium Micromonospora purpurea , [ 9 ] [ 5 ] was patented in 1962, approved for medical use in 1964. [ 10 ]
Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')), also known as aminoglycoside kinase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the addition of phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of a 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycoside, such as kanamycin. [2]
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