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IWE combines Word2vec with a semantic dictionary mapping technique to tackle the major challenges of information extraction from clinical texts, which include ambiguity of free text narrative style, lexical variations, use of ungrammatical and telegraphic phases, arbitrary ordering of words, and frequent appearance of abbreviations and acronyms ...
The array, set and dictionary binary types are made up of pointers - the objref and keyref entries - that index into an object table in the file. This means that binary plists can capture the fact that - for example - a separate array and dictionary serialized into a file both have the same data element stored in them.
Many statistical and data processing systems have functions to convert between these two presentations, for instance the R programming language has several packages such as the tidyr package. The pandas package in Python implements this operation as "melt" function which converts a wide table to a narrow one. The process of converting a narrow ...
Array (data structure) Comparison of programming languages (array) Index origin, another difference between array types across programming languages; Matrix representation; Morton order, another way of mapping multidimensional data to a one-dimensional index, useful in tree data structures; CSR format, a technique for storing sparse matrices in ...
Data cleansing may also involve harmonization (or normalization) of data, which is the process of bringing together data of "varying file formats, naming conventions, and columns", [2] and transforming it into one cohesive data set; a simple example is the expansion of abbreviations ("st, rd, etc." to "street, road, etcetera").
CSV is a delimited data format that has fields/columns separated by the comma character and records/rows terminated by newlines. A CSV file does not require a specific character encoding, byte order, or line terminator format (some software do not support all line-end variations). A record ends at a line terminator.
The set ret can be saved efficiently by just storing the index i, which is the last character of the longest common substring (of size z) instead of S[(i-z+1)..i]. Thus all the longest common substrings would be, for each i in ret, S[(ret[i]-z)..(ret[i])]. The following tricks can be used to reduce the memory usage of an implementation:
The indexing expression for a 1-based index would then be a ′ + s × i . {\displaystyle a'+s\times i.} Hence, the efficiency benefit at run time of zero-based indexing is not inherent, but is an artifact of the decision to represent an array with the address of its first element rather than the address of the fictitious zeroth element.