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The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted .
The number e (e = 2.71828...), also known as Euler's number, which occurs widely in mathematical analysis The number i , the imaginary unit such that i 2 = − 1 {\displaystyle i^{2}=-1} The equation is often given in the form of an expression set equal to zero, which is common practice in several areas of mathematics.
The exponential function can be naturally extended to a complex function, which is a function with the complex numbers as domain and codomain, such that its restriction to the reals is the above-defined exponential function, called real exponential function in what follows.
The exponential function e x for real values of x may be defined in a few different equivalent ways (see Characterizations of the exponential function). Several of these methods may be directly extended to give definitions of e z for complex values of z simply by substituting z in place of x and using the complex algebraic operations. In ...
Define e t (z) ≡ e tz, and n ≡ deg P. Then S t (z) is the unique degree < n polynomial which satisfies S t (k) (a) = e t (k) (a) whenever k is less than the multiplicity of a as a root of P. We assume, as we obviously can, that P is the minimal polynomial of A. We further assume that A is a diagonalizable matrix.
The letters "E" or "D" were used as a scientific-notation separator by Sharp pocket computers released between 1987 and 1995, "E" used for 10-digit numbers and "D" used for 20-digit double-precision numbers. [16] The Texas Instruments TI-83 and TI-84 series of calculators (1996–present) use a small capital E for the separator. [17]
The definition of e x as the exponential function allows defining b x for every positive real numbers b, in terms of exponential and logarithm function. Specifically, the fact that the natural logarithm ln(x) is the inverse of the exponential function e x means that one has = () = for every b > 0.
In mathematics, the exponential function can be characterized in many ways. This article presents some common characterizations, discusses why each makes sense, and proves that they are all equivalent. The exponential function occurs naturally in many branches of mathematics. Walter Rudin called it "the most important function in mathematics". [1]