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Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl 3 C−CH(OH) 2. It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in usage in the United States until at least the 1970s. [ 4 ]
Chloral tends to form adducts with water (to give chloral hydrate) and alcohols. Aside from its tendency to hydrate, chloral is notable as a building block in the synthesis of DDT. For this purpose, chloral is treated with chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid: Cl 3 CCHO + 2 C 6 H 5 Cl → Cl 3 CCH(C 6 H 4 Cl) 2 ...
The pharmacological effects of this compound in humans are similar to those of its prodrug chloral hydrate, and of chlorobutanol. Historically, it has been used as a sedative hypnotic. [3] The hypnotic drug triclofos (2,2,2-trichloroethyl phosphate) is metabolized in vivo to 2,2,2-trichloroethanol. Chronic exposure may result in kidney and ...
Similarly, the conversion of chloral (Cl 3 C)HC =O to chloral hydrate is strongly favored by influence of the trichloromethyl group . In some cases, such as decahydroxycyclopentane and dodecahydroxycyclohexane , the geminal diol is stable while the corresponding ketone is not.
The compound is a preservative, sedative, hypnotic and weak local anesthetic similar in nature to chloral hydrate. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties. [1] Chlorobutanol is typically used at a concentration of 0.5% where it lends long term stability to multi-ingredient formulations.
Melzer's reagent is an aqueous solution of chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, and iodine.Depending on the formulation, it consists of approximately 2.50-3.75% potassium iodide and 0.75–1.25% iodine, with the remainder of the solution being 50% water and 50% chloral hydrate.
Another example is chloral hydrate, CCl 3 −CH(OH) 2, which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral, CCl 3 −CH=O. Many organic molecules, as well as inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule (water of crystallization).
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