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“In bladder cancer, our work shows that PIN1 is important for bladder cancer cells to proliferate and grow, and to prevent the tumor cells from committing suicide by a process known as apoptosis ...
Apoptosis is a multi-step, multi-pathway cell-death programme that is inherent in every cell of the body. In cancer, the apoptosis cell-division ratio is altered. Cancer treatment by chemotherapy and irradiation kills target cells primarily by inducing apoptosis. [98]
Cancer prevention is the practice of taking active measures to decrease the incidence of cancer and mortality. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The practice of prevention depends on both individual efforts to improve lifestyle and seek preventive screening , and socioeconomic or public policy related to cancer prevention. [ 3 ]
In developing prostate cancer, XIAP is one of four IAPs overexpressed in the prostatic epithelium, indicating that a molecule that inhibits all IAPs may be necessary for effective treatment. [15] Apoptotic regulation is an extremely important biological function, as evidenced by "the conservation of the IAPs from humans to Drosophila". [4]
Inhibitors of apoptosis are a group of proteins that mainly act on the intrinsic pathway that block programmed cell death, which can frequently lead to cancer or other effects for the cell if mutated or improperly regulated. Many of these inhibitors act to block caspases, a family of cysteine proteases that play an integral role in apoptosis. [1]
And secondly, to raise the threshold for apoptosis, therefore nonspecific leakage of cytochrome c would not result in apoptosis. [7] Once the apoptosome was established as the procaspase-9 activator, mutations within this pathway became an important research area. Some examples include human leukemia cells, ovarian cancer and viral infections.
While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always detrimental and can be fatal. [ 3 ] Cellular death due to necrosis does not follow the apoptotic signal transduction pathway, but rather various receptors are activated and result in the loss of cell membrane integrity [ 4 ] and an uncontrolled release ...
Activation of a suicide gene can cause death through a variety of pathways, but one important cellular "switch" to induce apoptosis is the p53 protein. Stimulation or introduction (through gene therapy ) of suicide genes is a potential way of treating cancer or other proliferative diseases.