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The term "Red Summer" was coined by civil rights activist and author James Weldon Johnson, who had been employed as a field secretary by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) since 1916. In 1919, he organized peaceful protests against the racial violence. [1] [2]
James Weldon Johnson (June 17, 1871 – June 26, 1938) was an American writer and civil rights activist. He was married to civil rights activist Grace Nail Johnson . Johnson was a leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), where he started working in 1917.
During the Red Summer, from late summer to early autumn 1919, there was a wave of anti-black attacks—at least twenty-five major "mob actions". In the attacks, hundreds of people were killed and thousands more were injured. James Weldon Johnson coined the term "Red Summer" to refer to the period. [1] Claude McKay was born in Jamaica in 1889.
The term "Red Summer" was coined by civil rights activist and author James Weldon Johnson, who had been employed as a field secretary by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) since 1916. In 1919, he organized peaceful protests against the racial violence.
The song was originally written as a poem in 1899 by James Weldon Johnson, ... In response to the racial reckoning that played out during the summer of 2020, ...
The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (1912/1927) by James Weldon Johnson is the fictional account of a young biracial man, referred to only as the "Ex-Colored Man", living in post-Reconstruction era America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
William Du Bois's paternal great-grandfather was James Du Bois of Poughkeepsie, New York, an ethnic French-American of Huguenot origin who fathered several children with enslaved women. [9] One of James' mixed-race sons was Alexander, who was born on Long Cay in the Bahamas in 1803; in 1810, he immigrated to the United States with his father. [10]
James Weldon Johnson, Second award and Bronze medal for his "introductory essay to his books on Negro Spirituals" [3] Education. Virginia Estelle Randolph, First award and Gold medal. Arthur Schomberg, Second award and Bronze medal, awarded "for his collection of publications on Negro life and history" [3] [13] Industry, including business