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The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and hidden in the Major Occultation until he returns to bring justice to the world. [6] It is believed by Twelver and Alevi Muslims that the Twelve Imams have been foretold in the Hadith of the 12 accomplishers. All of the Imams met unnatural ...
Also, the lack of caliphate position does not diminish the rank of the Imam. Henry Corbin says that in Shi'ism the Imamate goes beyond the competition of families for power. Imamate does not depend on the confession and acceptance of the people. Rather, it is rooted in the divine splendour of the Imam, which people are unable to understand. [11]
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE), the eleventh Imam.
Each imam is the best of men (afdal al-nas) in his time, that is, most excellent among them in religious qualities, [83] for otherwise, it is argued, God would have appointed someone else as the imam. [84] Similarly, it is argued that imams must be foremost in observing the religious values that they preach. [85]
Khalil Allah II Ali, last imam of Anjudan, 1671–1680. Shah Nizar II, established imamate in Kahak, 1680–1722. Sayyid Ali, in Kahak, 1722–1736. Sayyid Hasan Ali, established imamate in Shahr-e Babak, Kerman, 1736-1747, first Imam who abandoned the practice of taqiyya. Qasim Ali (Sayyid Ja'far), in Kerman, 1747-1756
661), the first Shia Imam. An Alid himself, Ali al-Hadi was also less restricted in this period. [1] [13] He engaged in teaching in Medina after reaching adulthood, possibly attracting a large number of students from Iraq, Persia, and Egypt, where the House of Muhammad traditionally found the most support. [13]
Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
The Minor Occultation (Arabic: ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ, al-Ghaybah aṣ-Ṣughrā), also known as the First Occultation (Arabic: ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلْأُولَىٰ, al-Ghaybah al-ʾŪlā), refers in Twelver Shia Islam to a period of nearly seventy years (874–941 CE, 260–329 AH) during which the Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed to have communicated ...