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In the 1970s, Thorn Lighting introduced an energy-saving 8 ft retrofit tube in Europe. Designed to run on the existing 125 W (240 V) series ballast but with a different gas fill and operating voltage, the tube operated at only 100 W. Increased efficiency meant that the tube produced only 9% lumen reduction for a 20% power reduction. [ 7 ]
A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, to produce ultraviolet and make a phosphor coating in the lamp glow.
Circular and U-shaped lamps were devised to reduce the length of fluorescent light fixtures. The first fluorescent light bulb and fixture were displayed to the general public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The spiral CFL was invented in 1976 by Edward E. Hammer, an engineer with General Electric, [7] in response to the 1973 oil crisis. [8]
Thorn Lighting Ltd, a subsidiary of the Zumtobel Group, is a global supplier of both outdoor and indoor luminaires and integrated controls. Thorn was founded when Sir Jules Thorn started The Electric Lamp Service Company Ltd, in 1928, dealing in incandescent filament lamps .
1991 Philips invents a fluorescent lightbulb that lasts 60,000 hours using magnetic induction. 1994 T5 lamps with cool tip are introduced to become the leading fluorescent lamps with up to 117 lm/W with good color rendering. These and almost all new fluorescent lamps are to be operated on electronic ballasts only. [4]
Some types contain a source of beta radiation to start ionization of the gas that fills the tube. [5] In some tubes, glow discharge around the cathode is usually minimized; instead there is a so-called positive column, filling the tube. [6] [7] [note 2] Examples are the neon lamp and nixie tubes. Nixie tubes too are cold-cathode neon displays ...
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