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Such systems are said to have fractional dynamics. Derivatives and integrals of fractional orders are used to describe objects that can be characterized by power-law nonlocality, [2] power-law long-range dependence or fractal properties. Fractional-order systems are useful in studying the anomalous behavior of dynamical systems in physics ...
In 2013–2014 Atangana et al. described some groundwater flow problems using the concept of a derivative with fractional order. [51] [52] In these works, the classical Darcy law is generalized by regarding the water flow as a function of a non-integer order derivative of the piezometric head. This generalized law and the law of conservation of ...
In mathematics, the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative is a basic extension of the derivative in fractional calculus that allows one to take the derivative a non-integer number of times. It was introduced by Anton Karl Grünwald (1838–1920) from Prague , in 1867, and by Aleksey Vasilievich Letnikov (1837–1888) in Moscow in 1868.
In mathematics, the Caputo fractional derivative, also called Caputo-type fractional derivative, is a generalization of derivatives for non-integer orders named after Michele Caputo. Caputo first defined this form of fractional derivative in 1967.
An alternative fractional derivative was introduced by Caputo in 1967, [7] and produces a derivative that has different properties: it produces zero from constant functions and, more importantly, the initial value terms of the Laplace Transform are expressed by means of the values of that function and of its derivative of integer order rather ...
is the fractional derivative (if q > 0) or fractional integral (if q < 0). If q = 0, then the q -th differintegral of a function is the function itself. In the context of fractional integration and differentiation, there are several definitions of the differintegral.
In addition to n th derivatives for any natural number n, there are various ways to define derivatives of fractional or negative orders, which are studied in fractional calculus. The −1 order derivative corresponds to the integral, whence the term differintegral.
In mathematics, a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAE) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system. The set of the solutions of such a system is a differential algebraic variety , and corresponds to an ideal in a differential algebra of differential ...