Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Using Lewis acid catalyst (boron trifluoride) or strong organic acids (trifluoroacetic acid) in chlorinated solvents, yields improved to 30-40%. [ 9 ] Green chemistry variants have been developed in which the reaction is performed with microwave irradiation using reactants adsorbed on acidic silica gel [ 10 ] or at high temperature in the gas ...
In organic chemistry, ether cleavage is an acid catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reaction. Depending on the specific ether, cleavage can follow either S N 1 or S N 2 mechanisms. Distinguishing between both mechanisms requires consideration of inductive and mesomeric effects that could stabilize or destabilize a potential carbocation in the S ...
Sodium methoxide is prepared by treating methanol with sodium: 2 Na + 2 CH 3 OH → 2 CH 3 ONa + H 2. The reaction is so exothermic that ignition is possible. The resulting solution, which is colorless, is often used as a source of sodium methoxide, but the pure material can be isolated by evaporation followed by heating to remove residual methanol.
As the vaporized reactants flow through the fixed bed of catalyst in the reactor, the major reaction is the dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics (as described earlier herein) which is highly endothermic and results in a large temperature decrease between the inlet and outlet of the reactor. To maintain the required reaction temperature ...
DDQ and an acid catalyst has been used to synthesise a steroid with a phenanthrene core by oxidation accompanied by a double methyl migration. [9] In the process, DDQ is itself reduced into an aromatic hydroquinone product. Sulfur and selenium are traditionally used in aromatization, the leaving group being hydrogen sulfide. [10]
A reaction modification with an aromatic phenyl ester as a reactant is called the Fries rearrangement. In the Scholl reaction two arenes couple directly (sometimes called Friedel–Crafts arylation). [22] In the Blanc chloromethylation a chloromethyl group is added to an arene with formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
This method is the forerunner for that used today, which uses hydrogen chloride instead of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. [16] Chloromethane is produced commercially by treating methanol with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride, according to the chemical equation: [5] CH 3 OH + HCl → CH 3 Cl + H 2 O