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Trees are also typically defined by height, [4] with smaller plants from 0.5 to 10 m (1.6 to 32.8 ft) being called shrubs, [5] so the minimum height of a tree is only loosely defined. [4] Large herbaceous plants such as papaya and bananas are trees in this broad sense. [2] [6]
Krummholz Pinus albicaulis in Wenatchee National Forest Wind-sculpted krummholz trees, Ona Beach, Oregon. Krummholz (German: krumm, "crooked, bent, twisted" and Holz, "wood") — also called knieholz ("knee timber") — is a type of stunted, deformed vegetation encountered in the subarctic and subalpine tree line landscapes, shaped by continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds.
Arbutus menziesii is an evergreen tree about 10 to 25 metres (33 to 82 feet) in height, but in the right conditions up to 30 m (98 ft). The trunk is usually about 60 centimetres (24 inches) thick. [4]
About 10 Monocotyledon families include trees. [1] [2] Asparagaceae (Asparagus family) Cordyline, Cabbage tree etc. Dracaena, Dragon tree; Yucca, Joshua tree etc. Arecaceae (Palmae) (Palm family) Areca, Areca; Cocos nucifera, Coconut; Phoenix, Date Palm etc. Trachycarpus, Chusan Palm etc. Poaceae (grass family) Bamboos, Poaceae subfamily ...
Gymnosperms are divided into 12 families of trees, shrubs and woody vines. [5] Sequoiadendron giganteum, the giant redwood, is the largest tree in the world, and Sequoia sempervirens, the coastal redwood, is the tallest. [6] Ginkgo trees tolerate urban pollutants well, and are often planted in and near cities. [7]
Angiospermae; Scientific name Common name Family FIA Code (US) Conservation status Hardwoods; Aceraceae: maple family; Acer: maples; Acer amplum: broad maple Aceraceae (maple family)
Land plants evolved from a group of freshwater green algae, perhaps as early as 850 mya, [3] but algae-like plants might have evolved as early as 1 billion years ago. [2] The closest living relatives of land plants are the charophytes, specifically Charales; if modern Charales are similar to the distant ancestors they share with land plants, this means that the land plants evolved from a ...
[10] Transpiration rates of plants can be measured by a number of techniques, including potometers , lysimeters , porometers, photosynthesis systems and thermometric sap flow sensors. Isotope measurements indicate transpiration is the larger component of evapotranspiration . [ 11 ]