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Most often, a panel antenna will be constructed as multiple "bays" - each consisting of an individual dipole placed before a shared reflector - with all of these bays connected in parallel to increase received signal strength. These forms of antennae were introduced in the late 1980s as a "C.F.R." by C.F.R. America (Circa 1989).
Completed in 1963, it was once the tallest structure in the world, and stood at 2,063 feet (629 meters) until 2019, when the top mount VHF antenna was removed for the FCC spectrum repack, dropping the height to 1,987 feet (605.6 m). [1] In 1974, the KVLY-TV mast was succeeded by the Warsaw radio mast as the world's tallest structure.
For transmissions in the shortwave range, there is little to be gained by raising the antenna more than a half to three quarters of a wavelength above ground level, and at lower frequencies and longer wavelengths, the height becomes infeasibly great (greater than 85 metres (279 ft)). Shortwave transmitters rarely use masts taller than about 100 ...
The antenna can have a smaller or larger number of rod elements; in general, the more elements, the higher the gain and the more directional. Another design used mainly for UHF reception is the reflective array antenna, consisting of a vertical metal screen with multiple dipole elements mounted in front of it.
An ideal monopole antenna radiates maximum power in horizontal directions at a height of 225 electrical degrees, about 5 / 8 or 0.625 of a wavelength (this is an approximation valid for a typical finite thickness mast; for an infinitely thin mast the maximum occurs at / = 0.637 [6]) As shown in the diagram, at heights below a half ...
Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television , as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts ( VHF and ...
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Rebuilt in 2003, the new tower has almost the same height, i.e. 326.8 m (307.1 m for the structure, but the antenna is shorter (19.7 m)). Angara transmitter, Northern Mast, Angara, Russia June 6, 2001: Guyed steel lattice mast carrying a T-antenna 205 Deteriorated support guys World Trade Center North Tower, New York City, NY September 11, 2001