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  2. Acid rain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain

    Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4–5 on average.

  3. Freshwater acidification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater_acidification

    Diagram depicting the sources and cycles of acid rain precipitation. Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake, pond, or reservoir. [1]

  4. Freshwater environmental quality parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater_environmental...

    Lakes and ponds can be very large and support a complex eco-system in which environmental parameters vary widely in all three physical dimensions and with time. Large lakes in the temperate zone often stratify in the warmer months into a warmer upper layers rich in oxygen and a colder lower layer with low oxygen levels.

  5. Soil pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_pH

    Acid rain: The burning of fossil fuels releases oxides of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere. These react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acid in rain. Oxidative weathering: Oxidation of some primary minerals, especially sulfides and those containing Fe 2+, generate acidity.

  6. Precipitation types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_types

    Precipitation is measured using a rain gauge, and more recently remote sensing techniques such as a weather radar. When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. Moderate rain describes ...

  7. List of countries by average annual precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    This page was last edited on 18 February 2025, at 04:54 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.

  8. Atmosphere of Venus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Venus

    The chart on the right is an expanded view of the trace elements that all together do not even make up a tenth of a percent. The atmosphere of Venus is composed of 96.5% carbon dioxide , 3.5% nitrogen , and traces of other gases, most notably sulfur dioxide . [ 12 ]

  9. United States rainfall climatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_rainfall...

    Average precipitation. The characteristics of United States rainfall climatology differ significantly across the United States and those under United States sovereignty. . Summer and early fall bring brief, but frequent thundershowers and tropical cyclones which create a wet summer and drier winter in the eastern Gulf and lower Eas