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Membrane fluidity. The structure of the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids is important in determining the properties of the membrane, and in particular, how fluid it is. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds (are saturated with hydrogens), so they are relatively straight.
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These membranes are composed of phospholipids, forming a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing inwards. Proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and cholesterol are embedded within this bilayer, creating a diverse "mosaic".
Course: AP®︎/College Biology > Unit 2. Lesson 8: Cell compartmentalization and its origins. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Intro to eukaryotic cells. Endomembrane system. The endomembrane system. Endosymbiosis theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes review.
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Biology archive 34 units · 124 skills. Unit 1 Intro to biology. Unit 2 Water, acids, and bases. Unit 3 Macromolecules. Unit 4 Elements of life. Unit 5 Energy and enzymes. Unit 6 Structure of a cell. Unit 7 More about cells. Unit 8 Membranes and transport.
The hydrophilic heads of phospholipids in a membrane bilayer face outward, contacting the aqueous (watery) fluid both inside and outside the cell. Since water is a polar molecule, it readily forms electrostatic (charge-based) interactions with the phospholipid heads.
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When solutions of different osmolarities are separated by a membrane permeable to water, but not to solute, water will move from the side with lower osmolarity to the side with higher osmolarity. Three terms—hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, and isoosmotic—are used to describe relative osmolarities between solutions.
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