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Instead American instrument makers successfully developed industrial pH-meters with a wide variety of applications, such as in breweries, paper works, alum works, and water treatment systems." [24] In the 1940s the electrodes for pH meters were often difficult to make, or unreliable due to brittle glass. Dr.
Named after its creator, Dr. Ralph L. Parshall of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, the Parshall flume is a fixed hydraulic structure used in measuring volumetric flow rate in surface water, industrial discharges, municipal sewer lines, and influent/effluent flows in wastewater treatment plants. The Parshall flume accelerates the flow by ...
pH meter: pH (chemical acidity/basicity of a solution) photometer: illuminance or irradiance planometer: area polarimeter: rotation of polarized light potentiometer: voltage (term is also used to refer to a variable resistor) profilometer: surface roughness protractor: angle psychrometer: humidity pycnometer: fluid density pyranometer: solar ...
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. [1] [2] It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed.
Sedimentation (water treatment) Septic tank; Septic tank conversion [2] Sequencing batch reactor; Sewage treatment; Skimmer (machine) Slow sand filter; Stabilization pond; Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) Thermal hydrolysis; Treatment pond; Trickle-bed reactor; Trickling filter; Ultrafiltration; Ultraviolet disinfection; Upflow anaerobic ...
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
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